Why carbon compounds form the dual bond 1, bond 2 is not a single bond? Why did that happen?

Why carbon compounds form the dual bond 1, bond 2 is not a single bond? Why did that happen?

Because carbon has a mass of 12 with atomic number 12. Electron configuration is 1s2, 2s2, 3P2, and undergo hybridization in which one electron from the 2s orbital to orbital 2pz move, so having a stable configuration 1s2, 2s1, 2P3, to form sp3 hybrid orbitals.

So that the carbon atom has a chance to form four bonds with other atoms, the stability of this structure is shown with the same angular 109.50 with tetrahedral shape, consider image below.

 Based on the characteristics of the tetrahedral carbon atom can bind to other atoms besides carbon atom itself. Simply put carbon atom can form four hydrogen bonds with atoms as shown in Figure B hydrocarbon framework built by many bonds between carbon atoms. The framework of the simplest hydrocarbons having a carbon atom, followed by two carbon atoms, three carbon atoms, and so on, note the image below:

 In the carbon atoms are bonded neighbor three kemukinan, first forming a single bond, double bond and a triple bond. For simplicity we can be compared to a single bond occurs from the orbital s and called sigma bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals and shapes of molecules tetrahedron with angles 109.50. Compounds with a single bond called saturated hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons with double bonds occur in p orbitals, and the bond is known as phi bond, the double bond angle changes due to two parallel p orbitals positioned so as to form sp2 orbital (flat triangle) and the angle formed is 1200. Similarly, a triple bond, there are two parallel p orbitals in a position that alter sp orbitals form a (planar form) with the angle 1800. Molecular forms of saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated shown in Figure below. For the hydrocarbons that have double bonds called unsaturated hydrocarbons.

The carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon compounds have different positions - different. Let us consider the following formula woke in Figure below. All carbon atoms (red) which can bind three hydrogen atoms and plays on the edge, called the primary carbon atom. Carbon atom number 3 (green) that bind two atoms of hydrogen called a secondary carbon atom. Similarly, the carbon atom with only one hydrogen atom (gray color - gray) has a position as a tertiary carbon atom. Each carbon atom in terms of hydrocarbon compounds can bind to other atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine and others.

Differences are bound atom causes changes especially on the polarity so enyebabkan different properties - chemical properties of the molecule is formed. It can be observed in Figure below.