LIPID IN LIFE

       Lipids are oily or greasy organic compounds that are insoluble in water, which can be extracted from cells and tissues by non-polar solvents, such as chloroform or ester. Polar lipids are a major component of cell membranes, the "place" of the metabolic reactions. The cell membrane serves to protect the cells from the environment and also allows for compartment-compartment within the cell for metabolic activity. Membrane lipids are phospholipids most. Phospholipids serve primarily as structural elements of the membrane and is never stored in large quantities. This lipid phosphorus in the form of phosphoric acid groups. The main phospholipids found in the membranes is fosfogliserida, containing two molecules of fatty acid ester bond with the hydroxyl group on the first and second gliserol.Lipid characterized insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, acetone, chloroform, and karbotetraklorida, containing elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, sometimes also containing nitrogen phosphorus. General lipid function as energy storage, as structural components of membranes, as protective coatings, as vitamins and hormones.

Lipids include waxes (wax), fats, phospholipids and steroid.Lemak composed of two kinds of smaller molecules, namely glycerol and fatty acids through dehydration reaction. * Glycerol is a type of alcohol which has 3 carbon, each of which contains a hydroxyl group. * Fatty acids have long carbon skeleton, usually 16 to 18 carbon atoms in length * One end of a fatty acid that is a "head" consisting of a carboxyl group, causing functional molecules called fatty acids. * A binds to the carboxyl group is a long hydrocarbon called "tail". Nonpolar CH bonds present in the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic that cause fat. * Fats separate from water because water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other and get rid lemak.Lipid are organic compounds derived from the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons endotermal series. Lipids are amfifilik, meaning that lipids are able to form structures such as vesicles, liposomes, or other membranes in wet environments

The process of Lipid Metabolism (Fat) - Lipids (fats) found in all parts of the human body, especially the brain. Lipids (fats) have a very important role in the metabolic process in general. Some of the biological role of lipids as follows.1. As membran.2 structural components. As a protective coating on some jasad.3. As a form of Reserves energy   .4. As a component of the cell surface that play a role in the immune tissue process .5. As a component of the transport process through membran.Lipid contained as part of the pet food is a simple mixture of lipids (terpenes and steorida) and complex (triacylglycerol, phospholipids, sfingolipid, and candles) derived from plant and animal tissues. In the mouth and stomach, lipids had not experienced a meaningful solution. Once in the intestine, especially of complex lipid triasilgliserolnya hydrolyzed by lipase into free fatty acids and the rest. The enzyme lipase is activated by the hormone epinephrine. This enzyme is assisted by bile acid salts (especially kholat and taurokholat acids) that is secreted by the liver. The function of salt is to emulsify fat foods forming lipid emulsion particles are very small. Therefore, the surface of the lipid becomes larger and easier dihirolisis by lipase. This enzyme is not sensitive to fat perfect solution.

The fatty acid is a compound consisting of long hydrocarbon and carboxylate groups are attached to the ends. These fatty acids have two important physiological roles, namely: 1. forming phospholipids and glycolipids that are amfipotik molecules as components of biological membranes; 2. as an energy source molecules.

Fat Function 1. as food 

2. insulator, fat is a poor thermal conductor, blocking the release of heat from the body 

3. protective substances 

4. used in the manufacture of soap 

5. used in the manufacture of glycerol 

6. Oil paint clothes, use hair oil containing fatty acids with plenty of residual carbon bonds. Can be oxidized at room temperature, forming a hard substance and water resistant (water proof) 

7. etc.

Chemical Reaction Lipid have a typical chemical reaction, such as: 1.HidrolisisHidrolisis lipids such as triacylglycerol can be done enzymatically with the aid of lipase, producing fatty acids and glycerol. Pancreatic lipase properties that can be utilized to solve preferred ester bonds at positions 1 and 3 than the 2 position of triacylglycerol. 2. Alkaline hydrolysis of fats by saponification called saponification. produced is glycerol and alkali salts of fatty acids called soap. 3. Decomposition (damage, rancidity) lipid rancidity is a chemical change that causes odor and a bad taste in fat. The causes of auto oxidation, hydrolysis, and bacterial activity. Oxygen is considered air attack on the double bond to form a bond asm fat peroxides. Thus the iodine numbers down, although a bit of free fatty acids and glycerol are released. Lead or copper catalyze rancidity. Alienating oxygen or adding antioxidants inhibit rancidity process. Generated free radicals generated during the formation of peroxides, and this can damage tissues jidup unless there antioxidants, such as tocopherols (vitamin E) that free radicals react